RESUMO
Las alteraciones congénitas del cuello constituyen un desafío para los médicos de familia y los especialistas. Aunque algunas de ellas son diagnosticadas de forma intrauterina, la mayoría permanecen silentes y se manifiestan en el contexto de infecciones a lo largo de la vida. La localización anatómica, la consistencia y la edad son determinantes en la orientación del posible diagnóstico. Una masa cervical en línea media infrahioidea hará pensar en un quiste tirogloso. Si es lateral, descartaremos un quiste braquial. Los estudios complementarios por imagen son fundamentales, sin olvidar pruebas anatomopatológicas como punción aspiración de aguja fina (PAAF) (AU)
Congenital neck masses are a challenge for general practitioners and specialists. Although some of them are diagnosed in utero, most of them remain silent until complications appear in the adult age. The anatomical location, consistency and age are determinants in guiding the possible diagnosis. A midline infrahyoid mass may be a thyroglossal cyst, however a lateral neck mass is more possible to result in a brachial cyst. Complementary imaging studies are essential such as pathological tests like needle aspiration fine needle aspiration (FNA) (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pescoço/anormalidades , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Região Branquial/anormalidades , Região Branquial/patologia , Cisto Tireoglosso/diagnóstico , Cisto Tireoglosso/terapia , Malformações Vasculares/diagnóstico , Malformações Vasculares/terapia , Malformações Vasculares , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/métodos , Vértebras Cervicais/anormalidades , Vértebras Cervicais/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão , Cisto Tireoglosso , Torcicolo/terapia , Teratoma/diagnóstico , Teratoma/terapia , Timo/anormalidades , Laringocele/diagnósticoRESUMO
Congenital neck masses are a challenge for general practitioners and specialists. Although some of them are diagnosed in utero, most of them remain silent until complications appear in the adult age. The anatomical location, consistency and age are determinants in guiding the possible diagnosis. A midline infrahyoid mass may be a thyroglossal cyst, however a lateral neck mass is more possible to result in a brachial cyst. Complementary imaging studies are essential such as pathological tests like needle aspiration fine needle aspiration (FNA).
Assuntos
Região Branquial/anormalidades , Pescoço/anormalidades , Cisto Tireoglosso/congênito , Adulto , Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Cistos/congênito , Cistos/diagnóstico , Cistos/patologia , Humanos , Cisto Tireoglosso/diagnóstico , Cisto Tireoglosso/patologiaRESUMO
El vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno es la entidad más frecuente dentro de los vértigos de origen periférico. Se caracteriza por crisis de vértigo desencadenadas por cambios posicionales de la cabeza y de corta duración. Suele presentarse en los mayores de 40-50 años, y hasta el 50% de los casos no se deben a una causa conocida, por lo que se habla de vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno idiopático. Debido a la alta incidencia del vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno, consideramos de especial trascendencia poseer los conocimientos necesarios para poder diagnosticar y tratar con eficacia esta afección en el ámbito de la medicina de atención primaria, ya que en la mayoría de los casos se obtienen excelentes resultados a través de unas maniobras específicas y fáciles de realizar (AU)
The benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the most common disease in the group of peripheral vertigo. It's characterized by vertiginous sensation triggered by the positional changes of the head and usually lasts less than one minute. It is most frequently seen in middle-aged patients (40-50 years old) and in up 50% of cases we do not know the cause, so we refer to them as idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Because of the high incidence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in general population, it is of utmost importance to be aware of the differential diagnosis and to be able to treat this pathology with efficacy, because in most cases we can achieve excellent results performing specific and simple maneuvers (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vertigem/diagnóstico , Vertigem/terapia , Tontura/complicações , Tontura/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Qualidade de Vida , Narcolepsia/complicações , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Tontura/fisiopatologia , Manipulação da Coluna , Manipulações Musculoesqueléticas/métodos , Manipulações Musculoesqueléticas/tendências , Manipulações MusculoesqueléticasRESUMO
The benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the most common disease in the group of peripheral vertigo. It's characterized by vertiginous sensation triggered by the positional changes of the head and usually lasts less than one minute. It is most frequently seen in middle-aged patients (40-50 years old) and in up 50% of cases we do not know the cause, so we refer to them as idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Because of the high incidence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in general population, it is of utmost importance to be aware of the differential diagnosis and to be able to treat this pathology with efficacy, because in most cases we can achieve excellent results performing specific and simple maneuvers.
Assuntos
Vertigem Posicional Paroxística Benigna/terapia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Adulto , Vertigem Posicional Paroxística Benigna/diagnóstico , Vertigem Posicional Paroxística Benigna/epidemiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
La hipoacusia súbita es una pérdida auditiva neurosensorial de rápida instauración (horas o días) en un individuo aparentemente sano. La etiología puede ser amplia y multifactorial. La mayoría de los pacientes no recuperan la audición en su evolución natural e incluso algunos pueden desarrollar una cofosis del oído afecto. Es una urgencia otológica, ya que la pronta instauración terapéutica logra ofrecer un mejor pronóstico auditivo. Debido al escaso conocimiento de esta enfermedad, puede ser infradiagnosticada en centros de atención primaria. En su diagnóstico no es necesario el manejo de instrumental avanzado: basta con una detallada historia clínica, una otoscopia normal y la correcta interpretación de la acumetría (diapasones). De esta forma se logra un diagnóstico certero en la mayoría de los casos, el cual se confirmará mediante audiometría (AU)
Sudden hearing loss is a rapid loss of neurosensory hearing that may occur within hours or days in an apparently healthy patient. Its origins are variable and multifactorial. Most patients do not recover hearing if not treated, and some even develop cophosis (deafness) in the affected ear. It is an otological emergency, as early therapeutic management offers a better hearing prognosis. As there is limited knowledge on this condition, it may be underdiagnosed in Primary Health Care Centers. It should be suspected in patients with abrupt hearing loss or tinnitus. Sophisticated instruments are not required for its diagnosis, just a detailed history, basic otoscopy, and proper interpretation of the hearing test. In this way, an accurate diagnosis is achieved in most cases, which is confirmed by audiometry (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/terapia , Audiometria , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Diagnóstico DiferencialRESUMO
Sudden hearing loss is a rapid loss of neurosensory hearing that may occur within hours or days in an apparently healthy patient. Its origins are variable and multifactorial. Most patients do not recover hearing if not treated, and some even develop cophosis (deafness) in the affected ear. It is an otological emergency, as early therapeutic management offers a better hearing prognosis. As there is limited knowledge on this condition, it may be underdiagnosed in Primary Health Care Centers. It should be suspected in patients with abrupt hearing loss or tinnitus. Sophisticated instruments are not required for its diagnosis, just a detailed history, basic otoscopy, and proper interpretation of the hearing test. In this way, an accurate diagnosis is achieved in most cases, which is confirmed by audiometry.